The First Detailed Geological Maps of France: Contributions of Local Scientists and Mining Engineers
Modern geological cartography in France began in the nineteenth century and was marked by the creation of detailed geological maps based on the partitioning of the country's territory into administrative regions or Départements. Published between 1828 and the 1880s, these maps were primarily the work of local naturalists and, subsequently, mining engineers. Local initiatives generated by political, economical and scientific contexts were superseded within twenty years by a centralized and long-standing surveying programme, utilizing the resources of local administrations for the completion and publication of a geological map of France. Local initiatives declined as the administration took control of the scientific and technical coordination of local surveys. These early maps show only the very beginning of the process of constructing a geological map of France. Their lack of unity led, from 1868, to their replacement by a coordinated and codified covering of French territory.