Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 05 Nov 2007

Not "Just A Petrographer": The Life and Work of Felix Chayes (1916-1993)

Page Range: 343 – 364
DOI: 10.17704/eshi.23.2.u204m15x6h417114
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Felix Chayes's life and career, largely spent at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC, are described. His principal motivation was to improve the reliability of geological interpretation and decision-making through the use of quantitative techniques and the application of statistical methods: e.g., as discussed in his monograph Petrographic Modal Analysis (1956b). He attempted to raise the awareness of the geological community concerning the inherent problems connected with the interpretation of percentaged- and ratio-data, in both petrography and geochemistry, and to develop approaches to their solution (as discussed in his monograph Ratio Correlation, 1971a), although these were never wholly successful. From the mid-1960s onwards, he was deeply involved in the development and application of geochemical databases for igneous petrology (International Geological Correlation Programme—1GCP—Projects 163 and 239). From 1984 he was Chair of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) Subcommission on Electronic Databases for Petrology. Emphasis is placed on Chayes's early research as this established the motivation for his statistical approach to petrology.

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Chayes, Felix, Geology of the alkaline and associated intrusive rocks of Bancroft, Ontario [abstract], Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1939a, 50:1904.

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Chayes, Felix, Alkaline and carbonate intrusives near Bancroft, Ontario, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1942b, 53:449-511.

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Chayes, Felix, Application of the coefficient of correlation to fabric diagrams, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1946a, 27:400-405.

Chayes, Felix, A correction factor for specific gravity and volume differences in fragment analysis, Economic Geology, 1946b, 41:749-760.

Chayes, Felix, Linear analysis of a medium-grained granite, American Mineralogist, 1946c, 31:261-275.

Chayes, Felix, A petrographic criterion for the possible replacement origin of rocks, American Journal of Science, 1948, 246:413-425.

Chayes, Felix, On ratio correlation in petrography, Journal of Geology, 1949a, 57:239-254.

Chayes, Felix, A simple point counter for thin-section analysis, American Mineralogist, 1949b, 34:1-11.

Chayes, Felix, Some notes on the point counter, American Mineralogist, 1949c, 34:600-601.

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Chayes, Felix, Statistical Analysis of Three-dimensional Fabric Diagrams, in H. W. Fairbairn, Structural Petrology of Deformed Rocks, 2 ed. (Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1949e), 308-326.

Chayes, Felix, Composition of some New England granites, Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1950a, 12:144-151.

Chayes, Felix, On the bias of grain-size measurements made in thin section, Journal of Geology, 1950b, 58:156-160.

Chayes, Felix, On the relation between anorthite content and gamma-index of natural plagioclase, Journal of Geology, 1950c, 58:593-595.

Chayes, Felix, Modal analyses of the granite and diabase test rocks, in A cooperative investigation of precision and accuracy in chemical, spectrochemical and modal analysis of silicate rocks. Contributions to geochemistry 1950-1951, ed. Harold W. Fairbairn, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1951, 980:59-68.

Chayes, Felix, The finer-grained calcalkaline granites of New England, Journal of Geology, 1952a, 60:207-254.

Chayes, Felix, Notes on the staining of potash feldspar with sodium cobaltinitrite in thin section, American Mineralogist, 1952b, 37:337-340.

Chayes, Felix, On the association of perthitic microcline with highly undulant or granular quartz in some calcalkaline granites, American Journal of Science, 1952c, 250:281-296.

Chayes, Felix, Relations between composition and indices of refraction in natural plagioclase, American Journal of Science, 1952d, 250:85-105.

Chayes, Felix, The relation between area and volume in micrometric analysis, Mineralogieal Magazine, 1953, 30:147-149.

Chayes, Felix, Effect of grain size on the efficiency of modal analysis of granitic rocks. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1954a, 65:1238-1239.

Chayes, Felix, Potash feldspar as a by-product of the biotite-chlorite transformation, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1954b, 35:377-378.

Chayes, Felix, A test of the revised determinative chart for plagioclase, American Journal of Science, 1954c, 252:172-180.

Chayes, Felix, The theory of thin section analysis, Journal of Geology, 1954d, 62:92-101.

Chayes, Felix, Modal composition of two facies of the Carnmenellis granite, Geological Magazine, 1955a, 92:364-366.

Chayes, Felix, Potash feldspar as a by-product of the biotite-chlorite transformation, Journal of Geology, 1955b, 63:75-82.

Chayes, Felix, The Holmes effect and the lower limit of modal analysis, Mineralogical Magazine, 1956a, 31:276-281.

Chayes, Felix, Petrographic modal analysis. An elementary statistical appraisal (New York: Wiley, 1956b).

Chayes, Felix, A provisional reclassification of granite, Geological Magazine, 1957, 94:58-68.

Chayes, Felix, Diffraction effects of short-range ordering in layered sequences, in Researches in Geochemistry, ed. Philip H. Abelson (New York: Wiley, 1959), 359-376.

Chayes, Felix, On correlation between variables of constant sum, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1960, 65:4185-4193.

Chayes, Felix, Numerical correlation and petrographic variation, Journal of Geology, 1962a, 70:440-452.

Chayes, Felix, On the relative scarcity of intermediate members in the oceanic basalt-trachyte association, Year Book, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1962b, 61:121-123.

Chayes, Felix, Apparent relative scarcity of intermediate members in the oceanic basalt-trachyte association [abstract], Geological Society of America Special Publication, 1963a, 73:128.

Chayes, Felix, A petrographic distinction between Cenozoic volcanics in and around the open oceans, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1964a, 69:1573-1588.

Chayes, Felix, Variance-covariance relations in some published Harker diagrams of volcanic suites, Journal of Petrology, 1964b, 5:219-237.

Chayes, Felix, Classification in a ternary diagram by means of discriminant functions, American Mineralogist, 1965a, 50:1618-1633.

Chayes, Felix, Statistical petrography. Year Book, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1965b, 64:153-165.

Chayes, Felix, Alkaline and subalkaline basalts, American Journal of Science, 1966, 264:128-145.

Chayes, Felix, Statistical petrography, Year Book, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1967, 66:372-379.

Chayes, Felix, A least squares approximation for estimating the amounts of petrographic partition products, Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta, 1968, 14:111-114.

Chayes, Felix, Effect of a single nonzero open covariance on the simple closure test, in Geostatistics: A colloquium, ed. Daniel F. Merriam (New York: Plenum Press, 1970a), 11-22.

Chayes, Felix, On estimating the magnitude of the hidden zone and the compositions of the residual liquids of the Skaergaard layered series, Journal of Petrology, 1970b, 11:1-14.

Chayes, Felix, Ratio correlation. A manual for students of petrology and geochemistry (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971a).

Chayes, Felix, Statistical petrography, Year Book, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1971b, 69:295-301.

Chayes, Felix, Silica saturation in Cenozoic basalt, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, 1972, A271:285-296.

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Chayes, Felix, The oceanic basalt-trachyte relation in general and in the Canary Islands, American Mineralogist, 1977, 62:666-671.

Chayes, Felix, Distribution of basalt, basanite, andesite and dacite in a normative equivalent of the QAPF double triangle, Chemical Geology, 1981, 33:127-140.

Chayes, Felix, IGBADAT; a world data base for igneous petrology, Episodes, 1985, 8:245-251.

Chayes, Felix, Consistency of the two-group discriminant function in repartitioning rocks by name, in Use and Abuse of Statistical Methods in the Earth Sciences, ed. William B. Size (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 47-54.

Chayes, Felix, Notes on the prehistory and early history of digitized data bases and related information systems in igneous petrology, Episodes, 1990, 13:18-21.

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Chayes, Felix, and Harold W. Fairbairn, A test of the precision of thin-section analysis by point counter, American Mineralogist, 1951, 36:704-712.

Chayes, Felix, and William Kruskal, An approximate statistical test for correlations between proportions. Journal of Geology, 1966, 74:692-702.

Chayes, Felix, and William Kruskal, An approximate statistical test for correlations between proportions: Some corrections, Journal of Geology, 1970, 78:380.

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Chayes, Felix, and D. Métais, On distinguishing basaltic lavas of intra- and circumoceanic types by means of discriminant functions, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1964, 45:124.

Chayes, Felix, and Danielle Velde, On distinguishing basaltic lavas of circum-oceanic and oceanicisland type by means of discriminant functions, American Journal of Science, 1965, 263:206-222.

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Suzuki, Y., and Felix Chayes, Estimating the composition of zoned plagioclase, Year Book, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1961, 60:169-172.

Torley, Roy, and Alexander McBirney, Potentialities of a neglected igneous database IGBADAT5, Natural Resources Research, 2002, 11:71-75.

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